Friday, December 27, 2019

Elderly Neglect Essay - 1285 Words

Our Elders are People Too Our Elders are People Too. A large amount of the population in our country aren’t seeing and understanding what is happening behind closed doors to nursing homes. All nursing homes aren’t as safe and trustworthy as many assume. Nursing Homes, meant to be safe living for the elderly to be cared for in their golden years have turned into a nightmare for senior citizens across the country, being a target for countless acts of neglect and abuse. â€Å"It is an unfortunate fact that elder abuse is a widespread problem and older adults are exposed to abuse not only in domestic settings, but also in human service settings. Maltreatment of Patients in Nursing Homes† (Lee, 2007 Para.1) The thought of the matter is†¦show more content†¦The last type of abuse is sexual abuse. Sexual abuse that happens in a nursing home doesn’t always have to be physical, it can also be verbal or forcing the residents to do things such as undress without a cover. â€Å"Consider these figures from the National Center on Elder Abuse: An estimated 1-2 million elders are abused annually, only one in 14 cases of elder abuse is reported, Estimates of the frequency of elder abuse range from 2% to 10%† (Sheehan,2011 Para.4). Many families in this day in age are choosing long term care in comparison to homecare for their own personal reasons. If a family is looking into a nursing home for their loved ones there are a few steps to take before choosing a facility. When a family chooses to put their loved one in a nursing home, it is very important to do lots of research on that particular facility, find other families that have used that facility before, visit the facility multiple times, and talk to the residents and the staff. There are multiple signs and symptoms to be aware of when a loved one is a victim of being abused. If your loved one is being physically abused the family may notice visible marks and or bruises on the elder. Most of the time the victim is a resident that cannot speak for themselves, or they are suffering from a disease to which they cannot remember they have been abused. Signs of sexual abuse are a little harder to recognize than physical due to the private areas being covered by clothing. â€Å" SomeShow MoreRelatedElderly Abuse and Neglect in Nursing Homes Essay2380 Words   |  10 PagesElderly Abuse and Neglect in Nursing Homes Debra K. Showers Kaplan University Elderly Abuse and Neglect in Nursing Homes Are nursing homes abusing and neglecting the elderly? The elderly are abused and neglected in society today by caregivers in nursing homes. Elder abuse or neglect is a single or repeated action occurring within any relationship where there is an overlook of trust which causes injury or distress to an olderRead MoreElderly Abuse And Neglect Of The Elderly2651 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction: Elderly abuse is no longer the â€Å"quite as kept† family secret. Due to the economic pressures of families reuniting to make ends-meat and the medical treatment with improved diets, which adds to the length of life contributes to family stressors. These stresses may present themselves in the form of sexual, physical, psychological, emotional and fiscal abuse. This paper will give exposure to many known causes and treatment, analyze current and past data outlining the potential riseRead MoreThe Neglect and Abuse of the Elderly778 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The Neglect and Abuse of the Elderly It is an image that no one wants to imagine ¦your dear grandmother, sitting there in a nursing home all alone in a time of need. Maybe she needs something simple, like a glass of water, or maybe it is more serious like a horrible pain in her chest. The nurses there have simply ignored her requests for attention, or even worse, they mocked her for her pain and suffering. Our elders are a huge part of who we are today. They helped paved the road for our presentRead MoreEssay on Neglect of the Elderly1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe Neglect of the Elderly With the growing number of senior citizens in our expanding society, abuse and neglect of the elderly is a widespread issue in our society. Neglect can come in many ugly forms and can be quite horrifying when actually investigated. When we as a society fail to meet the needs of our senior community we are only creating a perhaps dreadful prelude to our own inevitable destiny. Elder neglect is the failure to fulfill obligations to a senior citizen. AccordingRead MoreEssay on Elderly Abuse and Neglect1387 Words   |  6 PagesWhen discussing abuse and neglect we often think of children first. That being said, children are not the only ones who will be abused and/or neglected. In fact, this happens to some elderly as well. While some elderly may be productive enough to care for themselves, others are not. The end result is a complete (or close to complete) dependency on someone else for their needs. In addition, just like with children, this dependency can lead to abus e and/or neglect. There has been an increaseRead MoreElder Abuse Essay685 Words   |  3 Pagesunderestimate as many elderly victims choose not to come forward and report the crime fearing the impact it will have on the family relationship. More people are living longer today than ever before. As a result, family members are taxed with the responsibility of providing care to this expanding population and most are ill prepared for the burden it can create in one’s daily life. The stress this additional role brings can, in some cases, result in abuse toward the elderly individual (Linzer, pRead MoreElder Self Neglect And Abuse Essay1897 Words   |  8 PagesIssue no. 5 published on August 5 2009 Elder Self-neglect and Abuse and Mortality Risk in a Community-Dwelling Population. The authors: X. Dong, MD, Melissa Simon, MD, Mph, Carols Mendes de Leon, PhD, Terry Fulmer, PhD, RN, Todd Beck, MS, Liesi Herbert, ScD, Carmel Dyer, MD, Gregory Paveza PhD, MSW, Denis Evans, MD argue that both elder s elf-neglect and abuse is becoming more clear in regards to public health concerns, and that elder self-neglect or abuse is linked with mortality and not just onRead MoreThe Growing Trend Of Elder Abuse Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesand especially family members and acquaintances. This type of abuse includes physical, sexual, emotional, neglect both by a caregiver or self-neglect, abandonment, psychological , exploitation financially as well materialistically including fraud (Clark, 2015, p.914). With an estimated doubling of the elderly population by 2025 to at least 1.5 to 2 million, increases in the number of elderly person in the nation also means there will be an increase in elder abuse (Aravanis, Adelman, Breckman, FulmerRead MoreSpecial Populations1678 Words   |  7 Pagessupport and services. People who fall into the category of vulnerable populations are children, the elderly, the disabled, and the mentally disabled. Populations Reviewed For the purposes of this paper, I looked into two different special populations. The first group I reviewed was the elderly. The elderly often face ridicule and stereotyping and this can lead to abuse and neglect. In fact, many elderly people function independently in society but for others, aging cause problems with their abilityRead MoreThe Foster Care System And Impacting Legislation Like The Social Security Act1780 Words   |  8 Pagesworked with Hull House, she was elected to the Illinois State Board of Charities in 1892 (Theerman). Jane Addams states in her bibliography that during Julia’s time serving on the board, she reviewed one-hundred-two state institutions that housed elderly, disabled, and mentally ill patients. She would evaluate them and their ability to operate effectively, and focused on implementing change on the institutions that needed it (1935 p. xiii). The Children’s Bureau has worked hard over the years to

Thursday, December 19, 2019

The Decline Of Private Union - 1291 Words

In the early 19th century Americans fought hard for rights in their respective job industries, which brought about the concept of, and formed, unions: organizations meant to protect workers from unfair working conditions and fight for better pay. Unions fought for their workers with the notion that labor is not just a product to be sold, bought and interchanged, but a service given to the employee that allowed them certain entitlements. The history of Unions in America is one with strong beginnings, to what seems to be volatile future. The decline of private union sectors have have many possible factors. First, to understand the average citizens attitude towards unions, it must be acknowledged that unions have accomplished many things in past decades that positively affect us today. This includes winning legal battle upon legal battle to pass labor laws for better working conditions, minimum wage and things adhering to workplace discrimination. While there are American citizens who feel unions have a place in the workforce, multiple labor laws seen today are a product of unions. And the government has taken over many responsibilities unions had in the past, in terms of securing and enforcing workers rights in the like taking leave for family and medical issues, and working conditions. Additionally, the number of employable workers have increased with people who are not concerned with shorter hours, better pay, benefits or longevity. Teenagers and women make up a largerShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Protection of Labor Unions1206 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Labor unions once represented a significant share of the U.S. labor force, peaking at almost 35 percent of workers in 1954. Today, less than 12 percent of the labor force is unionized (Vachon 239).† There are two different types of unions; the private sector and the public sector. The public sector unions consist of government jobs: teachers, postal workers, police officers, etc. The private sector is comprised of businesses owned by the individuals. The unions in the private sector were createdRead MorePublic Sector Unions During The United States858 Words   |  4 PagesPublic Sector Unions in the United States Prior to the 1950s, American public sector workers could not join unions. Because of job security and reasonable benefits, it was considered unnecessary for public sector workers to unionize and collectively bargain with their government employers. However, in 1958, Robert F. Wagner, then mayor of New York City, signed an executive order granting city workers the right to unionize. Other local and state legislators followed suit, allowing public sector workersRead MoreUnions And The National Industrial Recovery Act Of 1933964 Words   |  4 PagesUnions were formed to protect and improve the rights of workers. Their first order of business was to establish the eight-hour workday and in 1866, the national labor union was formed. Labor movements were around before 1866, but few organized up until this point. Unions created an environment for workers with difficult tasks, creating better pay, safer work conditions, and sanitary work conditions. Unions made life better for many American s in the private sector. Collective bargaining became theRead MoreThe Extent and Location of Collective and Individual Bargaining in Britain and USA1435 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome, and has received endorsement for many years as, the dominant and most appropriate means of regulating workers terms and conditions of employment. An example of such an endorsement comes from Tony Blair (1999) when he stated that â€Å"I see trade unions as a force for good, an essential part of our democracy, but as more than that, potentially, as a force for economic success. They are a part of the solution to achieving business success and not an obstacle to it†. However, the importance of collectiveRead MorePros Cons of Union Representation from Individual, Organizational and Society Perspective1627 Words   |  7 PagesPros Cons of Union Representation from Individual, Organizational and Society Perspective The rise of unions from the 1930s through the early 1950s was due to the convergence of a number of events, an economic policy that attempted to restrict competition beginning in the 1930s, the belief that labor markets were noncompetitive and that individual workplaces were unfair and union premiums were low. The passage of favorable legislation, in the form of the Wagner Act, was a reflection of theRead MoreTHE IMPORTANCE OF LABOR UNIONS1111 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿THE IMPORTANCE OF LABOR UNIONS According to the idea ‘’we do not need labor unions for high-skilled labor forces. They can negotiate their wage rates effectively and reach acceptable settlements on all issues concerning their work environment without collective bargaining.’’. I do not agree with this idea because unions are very important for workers, companies and economies. Why I think like that; because there are a lot of researches and these are shows that workers are happier and more powerfulRead MoreLabor Unions And The United States1700 Words   |  7 PagesLabor unions and movements play an important role in the United States. Although they are treated synonymously, the labor movements encompass a broader scope than labor unions. Some of the examples of current labor unions and movements include National Guestworker, Domestic Workers United and Wal-Mart workers groups. The heart of the current labor initiatives in the United States can be traced back to the National Labor Relati ons Act of 1935 (Collier Collier, 2002). The labor law was imperativeRead MoreThe Decline in Union Membership in Australia Essay1368 Words   |  6 PagesThe Decline in Union Membership in Australia TOPIC – The major issue today facing the Australian trade union movement has been the decline in union density. What have been the causes, and how have the unions responded to the challenge. Figures released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) in 2000, show that the decline in Australian union membership continues, despite the efforts of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), to stop the slide. The ABS reports that tradeRead MoreThe Potention Of The Fishing Industry840 Words   |  4 Pagesthe average size of the fish is much larger as well. Iceland’s main reason for its resistance to join the European Union also stems back to the CFP since they view losing control of their fisheries and sharing fishing quotas as an unfavorable bargain. In June 2016, Iceland’s Minister for Fisheries and Agriculture, Gunnar Bragi Sveinsson stated – â€Å"I would never join the European Union †¦ There is a life outside it, as we have proven. We have one of the biggest and one of the strongest fisheries in theRead MoreTrade Unions in Australia1569 Words   |  7 PagesDecline In Union Membership In Australia TOPIC – The major issue tody facing the Australian trade union movement has been the decline in union density. What have been the causes, and how have the unions responded to the challenge. Figures released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) in 2000, show that the decline in Australian union membership continues, despite the efforts of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), to stop the slide. The ABS reports that trade union membership

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Internet And Print Journalism Essay Example For Students

Internet And Print Journalism Essay The differences between the Internet And Print Journalism Essay are clear immediately upon glancing at either of the two. However, to truly understand the differences you must study each carefully. I will briefly explore the differences between Newsweek and its printed counterpart, and Entrepreneur magazine vs. entrepreneurmag.com. These magazines are very different in content and supply good examples of different features that exist in a technological vs. a print environment. I will compare the differences between the two in three areas; This means that Newsweek must update their web site daily and sometimes hourly. This makes a magazine that would seemingly follow the same pattern, very different. News in print may not be the same as e-news. Entrepreneur magazine is a magazine that helps the small businesses of America. They are very crafty in using bright colors that will grab potential buyers attention at the newsstand. This creates a problem for their online business. Whenever you have lots of colors or graphics your page will not load quickly. This means that what works in print will not work for their e- magazine. They have to rely on good spot graphics and headlines to attract attention. They do not do this very effectively. From looking at their web site you will see that they have had a hard time crossing over from print to the Internet. Advertising Advertising is essential in both print and web business because it is a main source of income to any multi-media company. Newsweek sells pages and pages of ads in their magazine. These are well done color ads which are designed to attract the attention of the reader as they flip through the magazine. On the Internet site Newsweek chooses to place banner ads in the middle of the text page (bad placement). The difference is that advertising on the Internet is much more personable. Thanks to little mechanisms called cookies the ads you see on the Internet site become personalized. These cookies tell a database sites to which you have previously logged on. In a fraction of a second you receive personal advertising that you never would have seen in a print ad. Entrepreneur does the same thing. You are receiving advertising that fits your wants and needs and all at a fraction of the cost to advertisers (who generally pay about 1 cent per hit). This is an advertisers dream and is a noticeable difference between the two forms of media. Useablity The term useablity seems to deal only with the Internet side of the two forms of media. This is a misconception. It is not uncommon to look for a certain story in a magazine in the table of contents. This is print useablity. Online useablity is undisputably better. Both sites have a type of search mechanism so that if you are looking for a story on Bill Gates you are not limited to one issue. This may be the greatest advantage in having an online version of a magazine. No longer is the user limited to the one issue recently purchased. .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd , .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd .postImageUrl , .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd , .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd:hover , .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd:visited , .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd:active { border:0!important; } .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd:active , .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u40f98d30f24ffe5d808c21066c3dfafd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alexander the Great Essay Stories are at the users fingertips no matter when they were written. People have different views on what the roles of print magazines will be in contrast to online magazines in the future. Some magazine companies choose to downplay the Internet and the role it will take in regards to their industry. Neil Postman, a well known philosopher of New Media Technologies states that when we begin relying on the Internet for all of our news and information we will turn into a nation of zombies. I think that Bill Gates and many others would disagree. The differences are great and companies must adapt to those differences in order to be successful. Computers .

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Why Was She So Mad free essay sample

I was re-filling the linens cart with fresh sheets and blankets when I heard a troubled voice come from the room to my right. I parked the cart to the side and looked to see what was going on. I entered the room and faced an older woman with her leg in a cast and arms flailing in the air. Her head jerked from side to side with a confused look on her face. The words rolled off my lips without any warning, â€Å"What’s wrong? Can I help you with anything Ma’am?† as I ran to the side of her bed. She told me she had been searching for the remote to her T.V.. I figured she must have dropped it or it was lost in her blanket. I went over to her and she exclaimed, â€Å"I just had it! I just had it!†. I searched her whole room, under the side table, under her bed, under everywhere. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Was She So Mad? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As I was frantically looking for the remote control, she asked me to help adjust the pillow that had been elevating her leg. Without even thinking, I instantly was fluffing and moving the pillow to her comfort with one hand and helping her lift her leg with the other. After I finally found the remote control under her left leg, I walked out of her room with a feeling that I had just helped someone who was in need of it. Sure it was a simple act but but that did not matter. I had a smile on my face and bounce to my step as I exited her room after, what I considered, saving the day. I grabbed the linen cart I had parked outside and a hand was suddenly on my shoulder. I spun around thinking I was going to be thanked by one of the nurses. I did not need recognition but I figured they might think of me as something more than just a volunteer that puts papers in folders and pillows in cases. However, this was not the case. In front of me stood a tall woman with blond hair wearing green scrubs. She spoke to me in a stern yet quiet voice, â€Å"Did you just come out of room 112?† I nodded and stated, â€Å"Yes,† with utmost confidence. The nurse’s face dropped and asked, â€Å"Why would you go in there?† What did she mean? My job is to go around to all the rooms and see if anyone needed anything? Why was she so mad? â€Å"You were given packets upon packets to read and memorize. You attended numerous meetings and training sessions so you were prepared for this,† she told me. As the words poured out of her mouth I quickly looked over her shoulder, saw a green rectangle with white block letters reading, ROOM 112 and under that was a sign that we learned about. If there is one of these isolation signs on the outside of the door I was told to get a nurse. However, that did not occur to me during those two seconds when I heard her shrieks. As the nurse continued to ramble on, it suddenly dawned on me. This was what I wanted to do with my life, I want to be a nurse. Whether it was helping my Grandma paint her nails when she was sick, or holding ice packs to my brothers wounds after their hockey games, helping people was something that came second nature to me. This incident gave me confidence that I have the right mindset and characteristics needed to become a great nurse. I will be there for my patients like I was there for my family members and the woman that lost the remote control. In college, I look forward to continuing to help others and being there for whomever possible, even if it means getting a stern talking to every once in awhile.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Assess the role of ella baker in the civil rights movement The WritePass Journal

Assess the role of ella baker in the civil rights movement Introduction Assess the role of ella baker in the civil rights movement IntroductionBibliographyRelated Introduction Men and their reputations are well known throughout the civil rights movement. McNair-Barnett conducted a study with interviewees from her research in to the movement and asked them who they considered to be the top ten important individual leaders in the movement. 81 individuals were names, 27.2 per cent were women compared to 72.8 per cent of men (McNair Barnett, 1993). It is clear that men were also more focused on in terms of the press and people in the movement. There are many different reasons that could possibly account for this. The women’s liberation movement did not begin in American until the late 1960’s; therefore it was hard for women to have a role in the civil rights movement as an established leader. Also, at the time of the movement, men would have had to lead due to gender bias’ at the time for he movement to have made progress and begin to generate change. As a product of time, men were at he forefront whilst women were more of than not behind the scenes. Typically, men tended to front organisations such as The Congress of Racial Equality and the Nation Association for The Advancement of Coloured People. Men in these roles often controlled meetings and made decisions over policies and movement strategies. Women however, were not in such high profile roles and tended to stay behind the scenes as found by Sacks study (Barnett, 1997). Women typically organised events, and worked in clerical and secretarial roles in order for the movement organisations to run as smoothly as possible. As a result, women have often not been given the recognition that they deserve. Ella Baker in particular has not been recognised for her tireless efforts throughout the civil rights movement. She has been described as â€Å"a largely unsung hero of the Civil Rights Freedom Movement who inspired and guided emerging leaders† (ellabakercenter.org). Baker also acquired the nickname ‘Fundi’ from her time as an activist. ‘Fundi’ is a Swahili word meaning a person who teaches a craft to the next generation (REF), giving a slight indication as to how important her role in the civil rights movement was. Ella Josephine baker was born on December 13th 1903, in Raleigh, North Carolina. She grew up listening to her grandmother’s experiences growing up on slave plantations. Ella Baker attended Shaw University, Raleigh, North Carolina and regularly challenged university policies that she thought were unfair, she graduated as class valedictorian in 1927. After graduating, Baker worked in editorial roles, particularly for the American West Indian News from 1928-1930 and the Negro National News in 1932. Baker had befriended George Schulyer, who founded the Young Negroes Cooperative League together with Baker in 1931, and became its national director (Mueller in Crawford, 1993). This led to her employment with New Deals Works Progress Association bringing people together through collective buying. It was during her time with New Deals Works Progress that Baker was exposed to newer radical ideas surrounding social change. (Ella baker quote in Mueller in Crawford about time in NY) In 1938 Baker joined the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People and stressed the importance of young people and women in the organisation. However, it has been suggested that Baker was against the NAACP’s traditional strategy of appealing to the professional ranks in society to lead the masses (Elliot, 1996). Elliot believes that Ella Bakers philosophy was â€Å"power to the people† (Elliot, 1996). Baker believed that people had to help themselves in order to discover solutions to their problems, she believed that â€Å"oppressed people, whatever their level of formal education have the ability to understand and interpret the world around them, to see the world for what it is, and move to transform it† (www.ellabakercenter.org). by 1941, Baker had become an assistant field secretary of the NAACP. Whilst with the NAACP, baker helped to organise voter registration drives, and actively campaigned for school desegregation and was against police b rutality issues. In the late 1940’s Baker had become a field secretary for the New York Branch of the NAACP and had become â€Å"the NAACP’s most effective organiser† (www.blackpast.org). Ella Baker in an interview with Gerda Lerner, a historian, described her role in the NAACP; â€Å"you would deal with whatever the local problem was and on the basis of the needs of the people you would try to organise them in the NAACP† (Lerner, 1972, p.347). Baker worked well in the NAACP, hence her reputation. She believed that â€Å"you relationships to human beings was more important than your relationship to the amount of money you made† (Cantarow and Omally, p.60). It was perhaps this belief that made her such a central organiser within the NAACP, as she had a very down to earth view of the world and equality, and as a result, was able to work with all people from different walks of life when travelling through the south as a field secretary for the NAACP. Baker left her role as field secretary in 1946 to care for her niece in New York but remained a volunteer, she became its president in 1952 but resigned in 1953 to run for the New York City Council, but it was unsuccessful (Ransby, 2003, p.14). In 1955, Ella Baker, along with Bayard Rustin and Stanley Levison co founded the organisation ‘In Friendship’ to raise money to fight against Jim Crow laws in the south (Payne, 1989). However, it was not until 1957 when she became involved with another prominent organisation in the movement. Baker moved to Atlanta, to help organise the Southern Christian Leadership Conference with Martin Luther King. Baker was the associate director of the SCLC (Elliot, 1996) and was involved with the day to day running of the organisation and the office. Ella Baker later became the SCLC’s Acting Executive Director. The Civil Rights Movement was a largely church based movement and as a result, Baker was never considered a legitimate leader, as she had not descended from clergy or church hierarchy; she was Acting Executive Director until a suitable leader was found. Mueller suggests, â€Å"her policy suggestions for greater emphasis on local organising and the inclusion of Women a nd youth were largely ignored† (Mueller in Crawford, 1993, p.62). Ella Baker was aware of this discrimination in the SCLC though when she was asked why she decided to leave the SCLC she replied; â€Å"in the first place, I had known, number one that there would never be any role for me in a leadership capacity with the SCLC. Why? First I’m a woman. Also, I’m not a minister† (Robnett, 1996). Female status in the movement was gained through acts of courage and positions of power were through community work or extraordinary activism, not through church hierarchy, the way men gained leadership was more often than not through church hierarchy in terms of the clergy. There is plenty of evidence to suggest that women weren’t aware of their positions as secondary to the roles of men. Victoria Gray recalls â€Å"there are just so few places where historically the black male could have any authority, if you will. That is not an accident, I assure you. Where that was possible the community supported that† (Robnett, 1997, p.41). Gray suggests that women supported men in positions of power, despite that often meaning that women would come secondary to them. Bernice Johnson Reagon claims â€Å"as an empowered human being I never experienced being held back† (Robnett, 1997, p.37). Whilst these women appear to be unaware of the gender bias at the time, there were women in the spotlight who were aware of the constraints of both race and gender. Dorothy Height, a well known woman in the movement, said the main downside to being a female leader amongst men, was that it was â€Å"sometimes hard for them to realise the importance of womenà ¢â‚¬â„¢s rights†(www.onlinenewshour.com) Martin Luther King Jr acknowledged â€Å"women, while capable of leadership, did not and should not exercise this ability by choice† (Robnett, 1996). It was difficult for women to hold positions of power during the movement, as women’s liberation had not yet begun. However, Dorothy Cotton an activist in the movement recalls; â€Å"Men were programmed to be chauvinistic, but we allowed it too, women deferred to their husbands† (Robnett, 1997, p.43), indicating that a separation of male and female roles in the movement was a product of the time. The post-war era continued the public and private sphere ideology; men and women had their separate roles in separate aspects of life. It is important to realise that men had found themselves in a position of power after so long of having no access to any form of power and therefore the chance to lead was an opportunity that was too good to turn down. Clyde Franklin believes a reason for this is that â€Å"in America, blac k males have only been ‘men’ for about twenty years† (Ling, YR. p.6). After the Greensboro Sit-Ins in 1960, where black members of society sat in segregated white areas in Woolworth stores across America, two months in to the sit-ins, they had spread to 54 cities in 9 states (www.sitins.org). By July 1960, Woolworth stores had agreed to integrate the lunch counter at the Greensboro store. It was after this that Baker realised people were determined to make a change, and called together 300 students for the South wide Student Leadership Conference on Non-violent Resistance to Segregation, which later changed it’s name to Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee. Elliot suggests that students of the SNCC trusted Ella Baker because of instead of dictating policy she guided students to solutions (Elliot, 1996). This could, however, be due to her time spent at The Highlander Folk School. The Highlander Folk School was geared towards teaching African-Americans how to read in order to enable them to progress and to empower black communities to furthe r develop more local leaders. Mueller believed that is was Bakers aim to â€Å"help local leaders develop their own leadership potential† (Mueller in Crawford, 1993, p.58). In Bakers time with the SNCC, she had an active role in coordinating the nationwide freedom rides of 1961, where blacks were to ride busses in to southern states sat in areas of the public busses that had previously been reserved for white passengers (Carson). In 1964, Baker also helped to organise the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.   The party was not seated with delegation but held an influence over the Democratic Party to elect black leaders in Mississippi, which forced a rule change to allow women and minorities to sit as delegates at the Democratic National Convention (FIND REF). Whilst working with the SNCC Baker also worked o the staff of the Southern Conference Education Fund from 1962-1967, which aimed to bring black ad white people together to work for social justice. In her time on the staff of the SCEF, Baker took part in a speaker tour to reunite black and whites and co-hosted important meetings on the links of civil rights and civil liberties (Ransby, 2003). Ella Baker was a strong advocate of Participatory Democracy that was popular during the 1960’s. Participatory Democracy had three main aims focused on participation. The first was an appeal for the grass roots involvement of those in society over decisions that control their own lives. The next step is to minimize hierarchy and emphasis on expertise and professionalism as a basis for the election of a leader. The third main emphasis was to call for direct action as an answer to fear, alienation, and intellectual detachments. Mueller notes, â€Å"participatory democracy legitimized an active public voice† (Mueller in Crawford, 1993, p.52). Participatory democracy is evident in Bakers style of activism; particularly through the way in which she encouraged members of the SNCC to find solutions to their problems rather than to dictate the solutions to them. Baker believed that â€Å"the major job was getting people to understand that they had something in their power that they could use, and it could be used if they understood what was happening and how group actions count counter violence† (www.ellabakercenter.org) showing how focused she was on the grass roots involvement of people in the movement. Ella Bakers role in the Civil Rights Movement was essential. Her behind the scenes activism challenged and helped to change the society of America. By Helping to organise voter registration drives she enabled black people of America to have the right to vote in elections, and her role as field secretary of the NAACP helping southern states through the organisation to solve local issues in order to unite a front against national issues. Her co-founding of ‘In Friendship’ also geared towards those in the Jim Crow stricken states in the south where systematic segregation and racism was often stronger than in the northern states. Her organisation of the SNCC was groundbreaking; changing the way people though out solutions to their problems. It was perhaps her role in the SNCC where her strong advocacy for participatory democracy shines through, as she aimed to guide rather than dictate. Shyrlee Dallard sums up the effort of Ella Baker, writing â€Å"for Ella Baker, organisi ng was more than a job† (Dallard, 1990, p.6). Baker put her heart and soul in to organising events and organisations geared towards changing American society in to an equal society. The Ella Baker Center is dedicated to leading in the way that Ella Baker did, to encourage people to work towards professional opportunities in order to better themselves and their local communities through the running of various campaigns. The Heal the Streets Campaign trains people to act against violence in Oakland, Illinois. The center is dedicated towards the following of Ella Baker’s philosophy, ‘Power to The People†. Bibliography Cantarow, E. O’Mally, S. (1980) Moving the Mountain: Women working for Social Change. Old Westbury. Feminist Press. Dallard, S. (1990) Ella Baker: A Leader Behind The Scenes. New Jersey, Silver Burdett Press. Elliot, A. (1996) Ella Baker: Free Agent in the Civil Rights Movement. Journal of Black Studies Vol, 26. No.5. pp.593-603 [JSTOR] Lerner, G. (1972) Developing Community Leadership in Black Women in White America. Pantheon, New York. Ling, J.P. Monteith, S. (2004) Gender and The Cvil Rights Movement. Rutgers: University Press McNair-Barnett, B. (1993) Invisible Southern Black Women Leaders in the Civil Rights Movement: The Triple Constraints of Gender Race and Class. Gender and Society. Vol, 7. No.2 pp.162-182 Mueller, C. Ella Baker and the origins of ‘Participatory Democracy’ in Crawford, V. (1993) Women in the Civil Rights Movement Trailblazers and Torchbearers 1941-1965. Indiana University Press. Indiana. Payne, C. (1989) Ella Baker and Models of Social Change. Signs. Vol, 14. No.4. Ransby,   B. (2003) Ella Baker and The Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision. University of North Carolina Press. Robnett, B. (1996) African American Women in The Civil Rights Movement 1954-65 Gender Leadership and Micro Mobilisation. AJS Vol,1. No.6. pp.1661-1693 Robnett, B. (1997) 1st edn. How Long? How Long? African American Women in the Struggle for Civil Rights. Oxford. Oxford University Press. www.ellabakercenter.org [accessed april 10th 2011] www.sitins.com [accessed april 12th 2011] blackpast.org/?q=aah/baker-ella-1903-1986 sitins.com/timeline.shtml

Saturday, November 23, 2019

United Kingdom and United States Relations

United Kingdom and United States Relations The relationship between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (U.K.) goes back almost two hundred years before the United States declared independence from Great Britain. Although several European powers explored and formed settlements in North America, the British soon controlled the most lucrative seaports on the east coast. These thirteen British colonies were the seedlings of what would become the United States. The English language, legal theory, and lifestyle were the starting point of what became a diverse, multi-ethnic, American culture. Special Relationship The term special relationship is used by Americans and Brits to describe the uniquely close connection between the United States and the United Kingdom. Milestones in the United States-United Kingdom Relationship The United States and the United Kingdom fought each other in the American Revolution and again in the War of 1812. During the Civil War, the British were thought to have sympathies for the South, but this did not lead to a military conflict. In World War I, the U.S. and the U.K. fought together, and in World War II the United States entered the European portion of the conflict to defend the United Kingdom and other European allies. The two countries were also strong allies during the Cold War and the first Gulf War. The United Kingdom was the only top world power to support the United States in the Iraq War. Personalities The American-British relationship has been marked by close friendships and working alliances between top leaders. These include the links between Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin Roosevelt, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan, and Prime Minister Tony Blair and President George Bush. Connections The United States and the United Kingdom share enormous trade and economic relations. Each country is among the others top trading partners. On the diplomatic front, both are among the founders of the United Nations, NATO, World Trade Organization, G-7, and a host of other international bodies. The U.S. and U.K. remain as two of only five members of the United Nations Security Council with permanent seats and veto power over all council actions. As such, the diplomatic, economic, and military bureaucracies of each country are in constant discussion and coordination with their counterparts in the other country.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Glyconutrients Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Glyconutrients - Essay Example N-acetylneuraminic acid Breast milk Important for brain development and learning lowers the LDL and inhibits strains of influenza A and B, bacteria and other pathogens Glyconutrients Food sources Main feature Effects of individuals well being as claimed by drug companies Xylose Grains- wheat, rye and barley Carrot, beet, cauliflower, broccoli, kale, lettuce, parsley, rhubarb, Brussels sprouts, red cabbage and asparagus Used as a substitute for sucrose and corn sweeteners Antibacterial, antifungal and prevent cancer Galactose Dairy products, legumes, algae, many fruits and vegetables Found in combination with glucose to form a disaccharide called lactose Inhibit tumour growth, enhances healing of wounds , decrease inflammation and triggers long-term memory formation Glucose Milk, mushrooms, various fruits and vegetables and grains Ubiquitous saccharide Memory enhancement, proper calcium absorption Table 2. Concentration of glycoprotein on different tissues. The graph shows the specific activity of radio labelled glycoprotein administered to rats at 1 and 8 hrs expressed as d.p.m/gm wet weight of tissue. As noted , "only the liver and intestines decrease whereas all the other organs show a 2- to 6-fold increase in specific activity" (Alton et al 1997 Figure 7). Table 3. "Peripheral neutrophil counts and other therapy parameters during discontinuation and resumption of fucose therapy. Peripheral neutrophil counts, fucose doses, serum fucose levels, body temperature, and C reactive protein (CRP) were recorded for each time point as indicated." (Luhn et al. 2001, Figure 1) LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Functions of the Glycoprotein (Nature 1995 cited in GoGlyco 2005) Figure 2. Illustration of...2001, Figure 1) As evidenced by the increasing literature, one of the "hottest" new fields of medical and nutritional break through is glycobiology. Glyconutrients are monosaccharides or carbohydrates that are attached to proteins or lipids and are collectively called glycocongugates. These glycocongugates, found in surface of cells play an important role in biological activities and any imbalance of these glyconutrients would then result to disease. Controlled clinical studies in humans and animals utilizing state-of-the-art analytical and diagnostic are presented in this report showing that glyconutrients 1) play important roles in both normal physiology and disease, 2) can be effectively assimilated when provided as dietary supplements, 3) have biological activities that are beneficial or potentially therapeutic for certain diseases and 4) are safe when provided in the diet. However, the claim of drug companies that glyconutrients "heals" diseases is still vague; more research still needs to be conducted. Glycobiology, dubbed by Science Magazine (2001) as the Cinderella, is now the new wave moving through the walls of modern medicine and science.